Pekingese (北京犬AKC英和中文版)

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Pekingese (北京犬AKC英文版)
转自狗民网www.goumin.com

Pekingese Breed Standard
Toy Group

General Appearance
The Pekingese is a well-balanced, compact dog of Chinese origin with a heavy front and lighter hindquarters. Its temperament is one of directness, independence and individuality. Its image is lionlike, implying courage, dignity, boldness and self-esteem rather than daintiness or delicacy.

Size, Substance, Proportion
Size/Substance - The Pekingese, when lifted, is surprisingly heavy for its size. It has a stocky, muscular body. All weights are correct within the limit of 14 pounds. Disqualification: Weight over 14 pounds. Proportion - Overall balance is of utmost importance. The head is large in proportion to the body. The Pekingese is slightly longer than tall when measured from the forechest to the buttocks. The overall outline is an approximate ratio of 3 high to 5 long.

Head
Face - The topskull is massive, broad and flat and, when combined with the wide set eyes, cheekbones and broad lower jaw, forms the correctly shaped face. When viewed from the front, the skull is wider than deep, which contributes to the desired rectangular, envelope-shaped appearance of the head. In profile, the face is flat. When viewed from the side, the chin, nose leather and brow all lie in one plane, which slants very slightly backward from chin to forehead. Ears - They are heart-shaped, set on the front corners of the topskull, and lie flat against the head. The leather does not extend below the jaw. Correctly placed ears, with their heavy feathering and long fringing, frame the sides of the face and add to the appearance of a wide, rectangular head. Eyes - They are large, very dark, round, lustrous and set wide apart. The look is bold, not bulging. The eye rims are black and the white of the eye does not show when the dog is looking straight ahead. Nose - It is broad, short and black. Nostrils are wide and open rather than pinched. A line drawn horizontally over the top of the nose intersects slightly above the center of the eyes. Wrinkle - It effectively separates the upper and lower areas of the face. It is a hair-covered fold of skin extending from one cheek over the bridge of the nose in a wide inverted V to the other cheek. It is never so prominent or heavy as to crowd the facial features, obscure more than a small portion of the eyes, or fall forward over any portion of the nose leather. Stop - It is obscured from view by the over-nose wrinkle. Muzzle - It is very flat, broad, and well filled-in below the eyes. The skin is black on all colors. Whiskers add to the desired expression. Mouth - The lower jaw is undershot and broad. The black lips meet neatly and neither teeth nor tongue show when the mouth is closed.

Neck, Body, Tail
Neck - It is very short and thick. Body - It is pear-shaped, compact and low to the ground. It is heavy in front with well-sprung ribs slung between the forelegs. The forechest is broad and full without a protruding breastbone. The underline rises from the deep chest to the lighter loin, thus forming a narrow waist. The topline is straight and the loin is short. Tail - The high set tail is slightly arched and carried well over the back, free of kinks or curls. Long, profuse, straight fringing may fall to either side.

Forequarters
They are short, thick and heavy-boned. The bones of the forelegs are moderately bowed between the pastern and elbow. The broad chest, wide set forelegs and the closer rear legs all contribute to the correct rolling gait. The distance from the point of the shoulder to the tip of the withers is approximately equal to the distance from the point of the shoulder to the elbow. Shoulders are well laid back and fit smoothly onto the body. The elbows are always close to the body. Front feet are turned out slightly when standing or moving. The pasterns slope gently.

Hindquarters
They are lighter in bone than the forequarters. There is moderate angulation of stifle and hock. When viewed from behind, the rear legs are reasonably close and parallel, and the feet point straight ahead when standing or moving.

Coat & Presentation
Coat - It is a long, coarse-textured, straight, stand-off outer coat, with thick, soft undercoat. The coat forms a noticeable mane on the neck and shoulder area with the coat on the remainder of the body somewhat shorter in length. A long and profuse coat is desirable providing it does not obscure the shape of the body. Long feathering is found on toes, backs of the thighs and forelegs, with longer fringing on the ears and tail. Presentation - Presentation should accentuate the natural outline of the Pekingese. Any obvious trimming or sculpting of the coat, detracting from its natural appearance, should be severely penalized.

Color
All coat colors and markings are allowable and of equal merit. A black mask or a self-colored face is equally acceptable. Regardless of coat color the exposed skin of the muzzle, nose, lips and eye rims is black.

Gait
It is unhurried, dignified, free and strong, with a slight roll over the shoulders. This motion is smooth and effortless and is as free as possible from bouncing, prancing or jarring. The rolling gait results from a combination of the bowed forelegs, well laid back shoulders, full broad chest and narrow light rear, all of which produce adequate reach and moderate drive.

Temperament
A combination of regal dignity, intelligence and self-importance make for a good natured, opinionated and affectionate companion to those who have earned its respect.

Disqualification
Weight over 14 pounds.

The foregoing is a description of the ideal Pekingese. Any deviation should be penalized in direct proportion to the extent of that deviation.
一、[简介]


北京犬是一种平衡良好，结构紧凑的狗，前躯重而后躯轻。他起源于中国，有个性，表现欲强。其形象酷似狮子。他代表的勇气、大胆、自尊更胜于漂亮、优雅或精致。


二、[体型]


大小：如果举起北京犬的话，会发现他的分量惊人的沉重。他身材矮胖，肌肉发达。他分量重是与前躯骨量有密切关系。体重不的超过14磅，这一点不能忽略。


缺陷：体重超过14磅。比例：体长（从胸骨到臀部的直线距离）略大于肩高。整体平衡及其重要。


三、[头部]


头颅：头顶骨骼粗大、宽阔且平（不能是拱形的）。头顶高，面颊骨骼宽阔，宽而低的下颚和宽宽的下巴组成了其正确的面部结构。从正面观察，头部宽大于深，造成了头面部的矩形形状。从侧面看，北京犬的脸必须是平的。下巴、鼻镜和额部处于同一平面。当头部处于正常位置时，这一平面应该是垂直的，但实际上是从下巴到额头略想后倾斜。


鼻子：黑色、宽、而且从侧面看非常短。形成非常平的脸。鼻孔张开。鼻子位于两眼中间，鼻子上端正好处于两眼间连线的中间位置。


眼睛：非常大、非常黑、圆、有光泽而且分的很开。眼圈颜色黑，而且当狗向前直视时，看不见眼白。皱纹：非常有效地区分了脸的上半部分和下半部分。外观是从皮肤皱摺开始到面颊有毛发覆盖，中间经过一个倒V形延伸到另一侧面颊。皱纹既不过分突出以至挤满整个脸， 也不会太大以至于遮住鼻子和眼睛而影响视线。止部：深。看起来鼻梁和鼻子的皱纹完全被毛发遮蔽。


口吻：非常短且宽，配合了高而宽的颧骨。皮肤是黑色的。胡须添加了东方式的面貌。下颚略向前突。嘴唇平，而且当嘴巴闭合时，看不见牙齿和舌头。过度发达的下巴和不够发达的下巴一样不受欢迎。


耳朵：心形耳，位于头部两侧。正确的耳朵位置加上非常浓密的毛发造成了头部更宽的假象。任何颜色的狗的鼻镜、嘴唇、眼圈都是黑色的。


四、[颈部、背线、身躯]


颈部非常短，粗，与肩结合。身体呈梨形，且紧凑。前躯重，肋骨扩张良好，挂在前腿中间。胸宽，突出很小或没有突出的胸骨。细而轻的腰部，十分特殊。背线平。尾根位置高；翻卷在后背中间。长、丰厚而直的饰毛垂在一边。


五、[前躯]


前肢短，粗且骨骼粗壮。肘部到脚腕之间的骨骼略弯。肩的角度良好，平贴于躯干。肘部总是贴近身体。前足爪大、平而且略向外翻。必须能好好地站立。


六、[后躯]


骨骼比前躯轻。后膝和飞节角度柔和。从后面观察，后腿适当的*近、平行，脚尖向前。前躯和后躯都要求很健康。


七、[被毛]


身躯被毛：被毛长、直、竖立着，而且有丰厚柔软的底毛盖满身体，脖子和肩部周围有显著的鬃毛，比身体其他部分的被毛稍短。长而丰厚的被毛比较理想，但不能影响身体的轮廓外观，也不能忽略正确的被毛结构。饰毛：在前腿和大腿后边，耳朵、尾巴、脚趾上有长长的饰毛。脚趾上的饰毛要留着，但不能影响行动。


八、[颜色]


允许所有的颜色，所有颜色一视同仁。


九、[步态]


步态从容高贵，肩部后略显扭动。由于弯曲的前肢、宽而重的前躯，轻、直和平行的后肢，所以会以细腰为支点扭动。扭动的步态流畅、轻松而且可能象弹跳、欢蹦乱跳一样自由。


十、[气质]


综合了帝王的威严、自尊、自信、顽固而易怒的天性，但对获得其尊重的人则显得可爱、友善而充满感情。上述特点是北京犬的完美典型。缺陷根据其程度进行评判。


十一、[缺陷]


达德利鼻、灰色或肝色鼻子；


浅褐色、黄色或蓝色眼睛；


牙齿或舌头外露；


上颚突出式咬合；


歪嘴；


耳位过高，过低或*后；


脊柱弯曲；


前腿骨骼直。


十二、[记分标准]



表情： 5分


鼻子： 5分


止部： 5分


口吻： 5分


腿和足： 15分


尾巴： 5分


头颅： 10分


眼睛： 5分


耳朵： 5分


身体形状： 20分


被毛，饰毛和健康情况： 10分


步态： 10分


总计 100分


十三、[失格]


体重超过14磅